Eradicating Poverty essays

Eradicating Poverty essays Poverty is a complex multidimensional problem in which Chapter 3 of Agenda 21 provides the outline for a comprehensive attack. To promote better standards of living in a better global environment, Agenda 21 stresses the need for poverty eradication as the priority among problems hindering sustainable development. The current internationally excepted description of poverty is very clear and specific. Mark Mallock Brown, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Administrator, described the poor as people who are "lacking adequate food, shelter, water and sanitation" (Global Dialogue). More than 1 billion people, or about one fifth of the worlds population live under conditions of extreme poverty. Of the 4.6 billion people in developing countries, almost 800 million are not getting enough food, more than 850 million are illiterate, and over 1 billion people lack access to clean water supplies. The world's poorest countries, most of them in Africa, contain 10 percent of the world's population. Their share in global trade is not even a percent, stressing their dire need for financial and technical assistance on long-term and almost interest free, if not non-refundable, aid (Combating Poverty). Anna Koffi, United Nation Secretary Genreal said, The poor are seldom poor by choice. Very few people in this world enjoy living on handouts. Most poor people know they are quite capable of earning their living by their own efforts, and are eager to do so. But they must be given a fair chance to compete (Statement on the challenge). Most poor people cannot overcome their problems because they do not have access to adequate resources and support. I believe we need to reduce poverty by implementing solutions so that the poor can overcome poverty. The population growth is fastest among the poorest and in the poorest countries; and in the recent years, poverty is among the most significant contributing factor to environm...

Gallons to Liters - Unit Conversion Example Problem

Gallons to Liters Problem This example problem demonstrates how to convert gallons to liters. Gallons and liters are two common units of volume. The liter is the metric volume unit, while the gallon is the English unit. However, the American gallon and the British gallon are not the same!  The gallon used in the United States  is equal to exactly 231 cubic inches or 3.785411784 liters. The  Imperial  gallon or UK gallon is equal to approximately 277.42 cubic inches. If youre asked to perform the conversion, make sure you know which country its for or you wont get the correct answer. This example uses the American gallon, but the set-up for the problem works the same for the Imperial gallon (just using 277.42 instead of 3.785). Key Takeaways: Gallons to Liters The unit conversion between (American) gallons and liters is 1 gallon 3.785 liters.British and American gallons are not the same. The American gallon is a smaller unit of volume and has a different conversion factor.There are about four liters per gallon. Gallons to Liters Problem What is the volume of a 5 gallon bucket in liters? Solution 1 gallon 3.785 liters Set up the conversion so the desired unit will be cancelled out. In this case, we want liters to be the remaining unit. volume in L (volume in gal) x (3.785 L/1 gal) volume in L (5 x 3.785) L volume in L 18.925 L In other word, there are about 4x more liters when you convert from gallons. Answer A 5 gallon bucket contains 18.925 liters. Liters to Gallon Conversion You can use the same conversion factor to convert liters to gallons or you can use: 1 liter 0.264 US gallons To find how many gallons are in 4 liters, for example: gallons 4 liters x 0.264 gallons/liter The liters cancel out, leaving the gallon unit: 4 liters 1.056 gallons Keep this in mind: there are about 4 liters per US gallon.

Improving Waste Management Strategies for Small Livestock Farms Term Paper

Improving Waste Management Strategies for Small Livestock Farms - Term Paper Example The operations of CAFOs lead to production of wastes like manure, litter and the waste water from operations. They are known to have a high content of nitrogen, phosphorus, other metals and a host of harmful bacteria if not managed all these harmful substances can easily get into the environment. It is of importance that factors should put in place to prevent pollution from these small AFOs. The average size of farms has increased steadily over the last several years of this is due to the lucrative livestock industry, which has been known to yield high profits. Six major air pollutants have been identified as coming from AFOs areas or any animal housing areas, animal waste treatment areas they are known to highly contribute to the greenhouse gas emissions. They Include; ammonia nitrous oxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide. The best way to combat these in small farms is in the building of bio gas digesters, which provide cooking gases well as electricity and harness danger ous gases like methane preventing it from getting into the atmosphere (Ciravolo p 259). Though this has been known to be a capital intensive venture individuals, may form small organizations with a cooperative like to set up so that they can put the necessary infrastructure in place for the harnessing of these gases. This will also enable them to harness these gases in large scales, and this can lead to a viable economic return from its sales in the neighboring households. However, this is not a new approach and the stakeholders have to embrace technological means to ensure that they have the best approach to guarantee a clean environment as well as an effective conducive environment to coexist with other small scale farmers. Another major contributor is the odorous gases which lead to anaerobic degradation. Anaerobic degradation involves the decline of composite organic compounds to a range of odorous VFAs by bacteria that form acids. These bacteria alter VFAs to odorless methane a nd carbon dioxide. If these anaerobic components are in equilibrium, most redolent compounds are removed. The governments ought to recognize the status of small-scale livestock farmers and offer incentives to enable them to efficiently deal with waste management. This may be in the form of subsidies, or tax waivers for those who efficiently comply with the regulations put in place. Manure is a byproduct of the whole aspect of livestock production though it is normally viewed as a useful by-product mostly by the farmers. It still poses serious environmental problems if not utilized, applied or disposed in the right manner. Manure contains pathogens and bacteria from within the systems of these animals eliminated as waste products. These pose a big challenge to even the farmers themselves. Pathogens also pose a major challenge; it mainly gets its way to underground water percolation Percolating water provides the adequate mechanism for percolation of microorganisms through soil profil es. In inundated flow, water passes the soil filtering process thus; taking microorganisms with it through the soil profile the best way to address the pathogen problem is by carrying out process like air drying. Air drying is the process through which Animal wastes like manure is desiccated on sand beds basins or any other exposure to the

In the novel Fugitive Pieces by Anne Michaels, how does the second Essay

In the novel Fugitive Pieces by Anne Michaels, how does the second part of the novel comment and reflect on the themes and events of the first part - Essay Example Ben’s life mirrors Jakob’s in some respects. Death is the predominant theme of the novel. At the very onset, the reader is informed of Jakob’s untimely demise in a car-accident. The events unfolded in the subsequent pages are therefore viewed through the eyes of a dead man. Thus the spectre of death looms large over the narrative. Jakob was the aural witness to the savage murder of his parents and the abduction of his beloved sister Bella. From that moment on he is haunted by the constant presence of his sister in his life. He is tormented by his abject ignorance of her fate. He reiterates his belief that the dead wield a permanent influence over the living, â€Å"It’s no metaphor to feel the influence of the dead in the world.†(Michaels, 53) Death makes its presence felt in Ben’s narrative as well. He is a child of the second generation but nevertheless he is a victim of the holocaust. His parents are living reminders of the horrors of the past and their very home is permeated with the remnants of the evil of those dark times. His situation is outlined in Jakob’s description of the mass graves in the first part, â€Å"When the prisoners were forced to dig up the mass graves, the dead entered them through their pores and were carried through their bloodstreams to their brains and heart. And through their blood into another generation.†(52) The role of history and memory in the lives of the protagonists constitutes another theme of the novel and is reiterated in the second part echoing its occurrence in the first part. Jakob and Ben are trapped in their traumatic pasts and there is no hope for fulfilment in their present lives and possibly the future as well. Jakob is repelled by history and its clinical detachment in the face of atrocity and immorality and prefers to seek recourse in the intimate confines of memory. â€Å"History is amoral: events

Commanding Heights Essay Example for Free

Commanding Heights Essay †¢ Episode 1: The Battle of Ideas begs a comparison between socialism and capitalism. †¢ It traces the world’s economic history from the early 1900’s to the events following 9/11. †¢ Asks the question which is a better and more foolproof economic system government control or free markets? †¢ It delves into how the First World War impacted two brilliant economists, Keynes and Hayek. And then follows both Keynes and Hayek through their respective career paths (Keynes role as an advisor to the British Government on wartime economy and Hayek as an Austrian soldier). †¢ Keynes predicted that the result of the treaty of Versailles and demanding reparations from an already bankrupt Germany and Austria would cause another war, The Second World War. †¢ Meanwhile Hayek and his disciple Zlabinger fought against hyper inflation and encouraged free markets. †¢ Simultaneously the American Economy was booming, till October 24th, 1930 when the great depression hit and unemployment soared and industry stopped and half of the US banks were closed down. †¢ During this time Keynes’s theory of government intervention helped lead the way out of the problem (Keynes wrote about Macroeconomics). †¢ Meanwhile Lenin had introduced the New Economic Policy which consisted of grass root level capitalism but the commanding heights would still be under the government. The reform was met with scrutiny from the left, soon after Stalin took power and employed centralised planning of every economic aspect. †¢ Owing to the recovery from the Great Depression and Keynes’ key role in the Breton Woods Conference, in America Keynesianism took control and Hayek faded into the background. †¢ In Britain a welfare state and socialism built the country back from the bottom up. †¢ Newly independent countries like India also employed Keynesian methods, allowing for State led industry. †¢ One third of the world followed aspects of socialism until Churchill and Margaret Thatcher and Keith Joseph were influenced by Hayek’s book, ‘Road to Serfdom.’ †¢ In Germany, Ludwig Erhard stopped price control and re-started the free market economy to combat hyperinflation. The success of his risky decision led to the German Economic Miracle. †¢ While Keynes’ still had a strong hold over Washington, a Chicago School of Economics was created and it emphasised Hayek’s theory as a measure to battle stagflation. †¢ Finally Thatcher’s election and confidence in Hayek’s theory allowed for free markets to be established again. Thus, after a period of a century came back to where it was at the beginning of the century, back to free markets.

Taxes and the Deficit: We MUST Return to the Fundamentals of our Consti

The United States of America is not leading into the direction our country was meant to lead. Our Forefathers that came before us and settled in the United Sates, fled here to be free from tyranny. They were escaping from Great Britain’s strict control and harsh taxation. After settling in America the Constitution was drafted to â€Å"form a perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity (Preamble to the United States Constitution).† After reading the preamble, I reread, and wondered how can the US be in the situation were in, if that is what our country ‘was’ built on? What direction is our country headed in, how is taxation hurting or benefiting us, and what can we do to better ours and our children’s future? The direction that our country is taking is far from the direction that Thomas Jefferson, Ben jamin Franklin, or James Madison had originally anticipated for America. The current US budget deficit is close to $1.5 trillion. If Americans were required to pay for government spending this year, we’d have to work an extra thirty-eight days to earn enough money to pay all our taxes. Approximately forty seven percent of Americans will not be eligible for any income tax return, but because of EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit) and other credits implemented by Obama and Bush a majority will receive a tax credit. I am a supporter of tax credits, but I also think that there should be a ‘cap’ to limit your tax credit. Doing this could provide a credit for everyone, but having a limit can help to utilize money in many different areas. Money that we don’t have is being printed, spent, a... ...e money you invest, you’ll never see, because of government spending. After a ‘clean-house’ within the government and Americans morale improves. I believe that taxes are ‘generally’ good, except when taxing is used to fulfill greed. If more people invested in their future more soon, spent money wiser, saved money, and supported their communities their lead would influence others to do the same. Works Cited: Independence Hall Association. Constitution of the United Sates. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://www.ushistory.org/documents/constitution.htm. Cassidy, John. (April 7, 2010). Rational Irrationality. Retrieved April 11th, 2010, from http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2010/04/who-pays-federal-income-tax.html The Tax Foundation. (2010). America Celebrates Tax Freedom Day. Retrieved from, http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxfreedomday/ Taxes and the Deficit: We MUST Return to the Fundamentals of our Consti The United States of America is not leading into the direction our country was meant to lead. Our Forefathers that came before us and settled in the United Sates, fled here to be free from tyranny. They were escaping from Great Britain’s strict control and harsh taxation. After settling in America the Constitution was drafted to â€Å"form a perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity (Preamble to the United States Constitution).† After reading the preamble, I reread, and wondered how can the US be in the situation were in, if that is what our country ‘was’ built on? What direction is our country headed in, how is taxation hurting or benefiting us, and what can we do to better ours and our children’s future? The direction that our country is taking is far from the direction that Thomas Jefferson, Ben jamin Franklin, or James Madison had originally anticipated for America. The current US budget deficit is close to $1.5 trillion. If Americans were required to pay for government spending this year, we’d have to work an extra thirty-eight days to earn enough money to pay all our taxes. Approximately forty seven percent of Americans will not be eligible for any income tax return, but because of EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit) and other credits implemented by Obama and Bush a majority will receive a tax credit. I am a supporter of tax credits, but I also think that there should be a ‘cap’ to limit your tax credit. Doing this could provide a credit for everyone, but having a limit can help to utilize money in many different areas. Money that we don’t have is being printed, spent, a... ...e money you invest, you’ll never see, because of government spending. After a ‘clean-house’ within the government and Americans morale improves. I believe that taxes are ‘generally’ good, except when taxing is used to fulfill greed. If more people invested in their future more soon, spent money wiser, saved money, and supported their communities their lead would influence others to do the same. Works Cited: Independence Hall Association. Constitution of the United Sates. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://www.ushistory.org/documents/constitution.htm. Cassidy, John. (April 7, 2010). Rational Irrationality. Retrieved April 11th, 2010, from http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2010/04/who-pays-federal-income-tax.html The Tax Foundation. (2010). America Celebrates Tax Freedom Day. Retrieved from, http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxfreedomday/

Understanding Sensory Loss

Unit 4222-393 Understanding Sensory Loss O 1-1 A range of factors can impact on individuals with sensory loss. We gather so much information from our sight and hearing. Talking, listening & reading are all things we do in everyday life, we rely on our senses to understand and process what is going on around us and to carry out our everyday living skills, so to lose any of these will have a massive impact. Decreased vision and/or hearing can lead to a breakdown in communication, as we depend so much on non-verbal communications.Being blind or partially sighted means losing the ability to see facial expressions and gestures making it difficult for the person to understand what is being communicated. Not being able to read information can put the individual at risk, for instance the information on medication packets, if this can’t be seen clearly or not at all it could lead to the individual under dosing, overdosing or taking the wrong medication which could lead to other health problems.Everyday tasks other people take for granted can become increasingly difficult for a person, the reading of labels on food packets where oven temperatures and times are written, the setting of the oven or microwave are examples of how hard things can become, not being able to read letters or bank statements and having to get others to do this can have an effect on maintaining confidentiality. Sighted people can go straight to a wardrobe or draw and grab the clothes they want to wear that day but being blind or partially sighted can make it really difficult and you may have to become reliant on somebody else to do this for you.Mobility can also be affected especially in unfamiliar surroundings the individual may become disoriented and be at risk by not seeing objects, people or hazards. Deafness also has a range of factors that can impact on individuals again communication becomes really difficult. We use our hearing to gather allsorts of information and not hearing what is being said can also lead to misunderstandings, sounds may be muffled and difficult to understand.They could be in hospital or at the doctors and miss important information that is being said or have difficulty following a conversation, making and receiving phone calls is increasingly difficult and sometimes this is the only way of having contact with someone. Conversations with family and friends can become difficult making the person feel isolated, as can things like being in a social setting that is noisy making it awkward to hear the voices of those talking to you.Having a dual sensory loss means you can’t look for different clues when communicating, it may become almost impossible to go out on your own and to carry out daily living tasks without somebody there to help. All these can impact greatly on gathering information and making informed choices, it can lead to individuals feeling isolated and depressed, they may become withdrawn which may lead to loneliness and it ma y have a detrimental effect on their health and well being. Unit 4222-393 Understanding Sensory Loss O1-2Hearing and sight loss aren’t an obvious disability so people may not be aware that the individual has this difficulty and may judge them wrongly. A lack of knowledge can lead people to be prejudice and discriminate against the individual. Sometimes people talk down to them as if they are stupid or talk to the person they are with which can make them feel ignored and worthless. It can also have the opposite effect where people want to everything for the person because they think they can’t do things for themselves taking away the individuals independence and right of choice.When out in community people don’t think of the consequences or hazards their actions may mean to someone with sensory loss, for example leaving wheelie bins in the middle of pavements can become a real hazard for someone blind or partially sighted, this may lead to them not feeling safe t o go out so their freedom is restricted and they may become isolated and reliant on others. It’s not always taken into consideration that the individual’s communication needs are different and other forms of gaining information may be needed such as Braille or interrupters (with the individuals consent)O1-3 Person centred approaches have changed the way services are provided, individuals now have choice rather them being told what is best for them. They can now work out a support plan based on what they can do for themselves and what areas they need support with. A range of specialist communication methods are available so the individual is included in decision making and a range of support can be offered so the individual has equal opportunities. People now have a better understanding of sensory loss due to training programmes raising awareness.

An analysis of Laurence Sterne’s The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman Essay

In this essay my aim is to demonstrate how the author parodies the different narrative techniques, how he uses the â€Å"time-shift† device, how he introduces the relationship between the narrator and the reader, how he addresses the reader and how he makes use of the â€Å"hobby-horses†. For an introduction I would like to mention some aspects of the novel and its reception. Sterne is best known for his novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, for which he became famous not only in England, but throughout Europe as well. Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy between 1759 and 1767. It was published in nine volumes, the first two appearing in 1760, and seven others following over the next ten years. According to a literary webpage it was not always thought as a masterpiece by other writers such as Samuel Johnson who said in a critique from 1776 that â€Å"nothing odd will do long. Tristram Shandy did not last†; but in opposition to that European critics such as Voltaire and later Goethe praised the book, â€Å"clearly superior†. (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne). â€Å"The novel may have been for Sterne and his contemporaries an excitingly new form, but Sterne manages to bring home to the reader what a novel could not do as well as what it could†. (Ricks,15). According to Andrew Sanders this novel is: †¦Ã¢â‚¬  the one that is freest of insistent linearity, the one that makes the most daring bid to escape from the models established by the epic or by history. It glances back to the anecdotal learning of Burton’s The Anatomy of Melancholy, to the bawdy ebullience of Rabelais, and to the experimental games of Swift and the Scriblerians, but it is ultimately an unprecedented, and still unrivalled, experiment with form†. (Sanders, 317). In this novel, Sterne broadens the possibilities of the novel form, and yet †¦Ã¢â‚¬ unlike most novels, it is concerned explicitly with reminding us that there are things which you cannot expect a novel to do. The greatness of Sterne is that, with humour, and sensitivity, he insists all the time that novels cannot save us†. (Ricks, 13) To begin my analysis, first I would like to look at how Sterne parodies the different narrative techniques. According to Jeffrey Williams the novel demonstrates an extraordinary form in novelistic sense due to the fact that the narrative of Tristram’s autobiography and the history of the Shandy family are incomplete and intermitted. The arrangement of the plot is quite exceptional concerning the conventional plot forms because it is disorganised and has a non- linear schema. (Williams, 1032) An essayist, namely Viktor Shklovsky, gives the answer to that unique form that â€Å"†¦the disorder is intentional; the work possesses its own poetics†. (Shklovsky, 66) Following the previous statement from Jeffrey Williams, the narrated events are often interrupted by Tristram who calls for the importance of narration. He explains that Tristram Shandy is an embedded narration, which means that the interrupted parts and comments make a linear narrative. The main character is the narrator, Tristram Shandy, who tries to acquire the best he can when recounting the history of the Shandy family from 1695 till 1711. (Williams, 1033) As Shklovsky puts it, â€Å"Tristram Shandy is the most typical of novels because it so overtly inscribes its own narrative, its own act of narrating†. (Shklovsky, 66). To continue with this theme, the time of narrating is worth mentioning. In an essay by Jeffrey Williams, Genette Gà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rard distinguishes four types of narration according to temporal position and places this novel into the simultaneous form, meaning narrative in the present contemporaneous with the action. (Williams, 1036) From this explanation it turns out that Tristram Shandy, as part of Tristram’s autobiography, is a narration in the past. The other basic device Sterne uses is the â€Å"time-shift† technique â€Å"which brakes whatever action may seem to be developing† (Shklovsky, 67) To illustrate what Shklovsky means by the â€Å"time-shift† device, he takes an example from the book. In the first volume, Sterne tells us about the interruption of a sexual act (in which Tristram was begot) by Mrs Shandy’s question. The anecdote is figured out as the following: â€Å"Tristram’s father sleeps with his wife only on the first Sunday of each month; the same evening he winds up the clock in order to get â€Å"out of the way at one time all family concernments, and be no more plagued and pestered with them the rest of the month†. As a conclusion, an irresistible association of ideas became established in his wife’s mind; as soon as she heard the clock being wound up, a totally different matter came to her mind, and the other way around. That is the reason for her question, â⠂¬Å"Pray, my dear, [†¦]have you not forgot to wind up the clock?† (Shklovsky, 67; also qtd by TS., 35) and the interruption of Tristram’s father’s activity.†. (Shklovsky, 67). He pointed out in his essay that this anecdote is presented into the book through different steps. The initial step is the comment about the irresponsibility of parents, then the mother’s question without a reason for its significance. The reader may think that the question interrupted what the father was saying but this is only Sterne’s trick which aims at our misconception: â€Å"- Did ever woman, since the creation of the world, interrupt a man with such a silly question?† (T.S.; 36 also qtd. by Shklovsky). This device determines the novel from the beginning. Shklovsky states that Sterne mentions the purpose only after the actions, which is his constant device. Following the â€Å"time-shift technique†, another device Shklovsky presents is the usage of sewing together the novel from different short stories. â€Å"Sterne seems to manipulate and expose the novel’s very structure: formal devices and structural relations made perceptible by violating their ordinary employment, which make up the very content of the novel. Sterne permitted actions to take place simultaneously, but he â€Å"parodied† the development of the subplot and the intrusion into it of new material.† The description of Tristram Shandy’s birth is the material developed in the first part, occupying many pages, almost none of which are devoted to the account of the birth itself. What is developed, in the main, is the hero’s conversation with Uncle Toby.† (Shklovsky, 68-69) ____† I wonder what’s all that noise, and running backwards and forwards for, above stairs, quoth my father, addressing himself, after an hour and a half’s silence, to my uncle Toby, ___ who you must know, was sitting on the opposite side of the fire, smoking his social pipe all the time, in mute contemplation of a new pair of black-push-breeches which he had got on;___ What can they be doing, brother?____ quoth my father, we can scarce hear ourselves talk. I think, replied my uncle Toby, taking his pipe from his mouth, and striking the head of it two or three times upon the nail of his left thumb, as he began his sentence,____ I think, says he: ____ But to enter rightly into my uncle Toby’s sentiments upon this matter, you must be made to enter a little into his character, the outlines of which I shall just give you, and then the dialogue between him and my father will go on as well again.† (TS., 87; also qtd. by Shklovsky, 69) As the former example demonstrates, the technique of intrusion is used by Sterne constantly, and it is obvious in his funny remembrance of Uncle Toby. â€Å"He not only recognizes the hyperbolic elaborations of his development, but plays with that development. This method is for Sterne the canon.† (Shklovsky, 70). The next topic relating to the novel is how the relationship of the narrator and the reader is presented. For this matter, I will use an Internet source, namely an essay by Aimed Ben-hellal. According to Aimed Ben-hellal, in the beginning of the novel Tristram Shandy declares that â€Å"Writing, when properly managed, (as you may be sure I think mine is) is but a different name for a conversation (†¦)† (T.S., 127, also qtd. by Ben-hellal). This statement will determine his writing all the way through the book. Tristram’s speech defines the continuous dialogue between narrator and reader. In the above example the reader is addressed in an informal and communicative way. Tristram tries to lure the reader from the beginning of the novel and tries to get as much of his attention as he can, which means that the reader is â€Å"brought on the stage to become the true character of the book† (Ben-hellal, 1). In the opening chapter of the book, Tristram addresses the reader as the following: â€Å"___ Believe me good folks, this is not so inconsiderable a thing as many of you may think it (†¦)† (T.S, 36, also qtd. by Ben-hellal). In this quotation, the narrator attempts to catch the attention of his reader to point out his understanding of the sad circumstances of his destiny. The hero’s life and his adventures are presented to the reader in order to get to know him. The narrator manages to establish the first contact. â€Å"The appellation â€Å"good folks† is usually indicative of the distance which initially separates the actor from his spectators. (Ben-hellal, 2). Three chapters later this distance lessens: â€Å"I know there are readers in the world, as well as many other good people in it, who are readers at all, __ who find themselves ill at ease, unless they are let into the whole secret from first to last, of every thing which concerns you†. ( T.S, 37, also qtd. by Ben-hellal, 2). Ben-hellal states that Tristram invites different kinds of people, occasional readers or literature addicts to try to deal with the unfolding of the narrative. â€Å"Tristram’s story begins ab Ovo (â€Å"from the egg†), in defiance of the Homeric epic tradition that begins stories in the middle of things and then allows the background to unfold along with the action. The alternative, seemingly, would be to begin with the beginning; Tristram takes the possibility to an almost ludicrous extreme by beginning from his conception rather than his birth†. (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne) Tristram tries to select the kind of readers that will best understand him due to the fact that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ a novel crucially depends on a reader†. (Ben-hellal, 2) The following quotation clearly illustrates that: â€Å"To such readers, however, as do not choose to go so far back into these things, I can give no better advice, than that they skip over the remaining part of this Chapter; for I declare before hand, ’tis wrote only for the curious and the inquisitive.† (T.S, 38; also qtd. by Ben-hellal,2) As Ben-hellal pointed out in chapter six, volume one, the narrator and a reader become much closer to one another. In the novel this intimacy referred to as â€Å"you†, â€Å"Sir†, or â€Å"my dear friend and companion†. The personal pronouns, â€Å"I†, and â€Å"you†, emphasize the informality of the conversation. â€Å"As you proceed further with me, the slight acquaintance which is now beginning betwixt us, will grow into familiarity; and that, unless one of us is in fault, will terminate in friendship.(†¦) then nothing which has touched me will be thought trifling in its nature, or tedious in its telling† (T.S, 41, also qtd. by Ben-hellal, 3). This chapter turns out to be the beginning of intimacy and sociability. The narrator’s main concern is to be friendly with the reader, and to sympathise with the unfortunate hero. (Ben-hellal, 3) â€Å"Tristram’s frequent addresses to the reader draw us into the novel. From Tristram’s perspective, we are asked to be open-minded, and to follow his lead in an experimental kind of literary adventure. The gap between Tristram -the- author and Sterne-the-author, however, invites us not only to participate with Tristram, but also to assess his character and his narrative.† (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne) A quotation quoted by Ben-hellal illustrates the number and frequency of apostrophes, which indicates that Tristram’s relationship with his readership become quite intimate. † Tristram addresses the reader approximately three hundred and fifty times during the course of the book as ‘My Lord’, ‘Jenny’, ‘Madam’, ‘your worship’, ‘Julia’, ‘your reverences’, ‘gentry’,(†¦). It is as though the reader has invaded the book and Tristam’s confidence in a single statement rest on determining the unknown readership†. (Ben-hellal,3) â€Å"This considered, we might safely infer that the concept of readership is significantly manipulated in Tristram Shandy†. Tristram’s behaviour differs according to changes in the identity of his imaginary reader. From chapter six on, the type of reader identities becomes wider and more varied. ( Ben-hellal, 3). The following passage will best illustrate how the narrator addresses the reader: â€Å"Your son! __ your dear son, ___ from whose sweet temper you have so much to expect. ___Your Billy, Sir! ___ would you, for the world, have called him Judas? ___ Would you, my dear Sir, he would say, laying his hand upon your breast, with the genteelest address (†¦) ___Would you, Sir, if a Jew of a godfather had proposed the name for your child, and offered you his purse along with it, would you have consented to such a desecration of him?† (TS, 78; also qtd. By Ben-hellal, 4). â€Å"Pleading in favour of his father’s theory about the influence of names on the destiny of new-born children, Tristram addresses the reader in the liveliest manner. Exclamation and question marks punctuate the whole passage to convey an impression of lively exchanges. As he tries to demonstrate the validity of Walter Shandy’s viewpoint, Tristram humorously implicates the reader and the reader’s son â€Å"Billy†. To make his point the narrator stages a tailor-made reader (and his son), for the space of a single representation and asks him if he would have accepted to christen his hypothetical son with the name of Judas† (Ben-hellal, 4). The most comical dialogues in the novel are when the imaginary female reader is addressed by Tristram. â€Å"___How could you, Madam, be so inattentive in reading the last chapter? I told you in it, That my mother was not a papist. ___ Papist! You told me no such thing, Sir. Madam, I beg leave to repeat it over again, That I told you as plain, at least, as words, by direct inference, could tell you such a thing. ___ Then, Sir, I must have miss’d a page.___ No Madam, __ you have not miss’d a word. Then I was asleep, Sir.__ My pride, Madam, cannot allow you that refuge.___ Then I declare, I know nothing about the matter.___ That, Madam, is the very fault I lay to your charge; and as a punishment for it, I do insist upon it, that you immediately turn back, that is, as soon as you get to the next full stop, and read the whole chapter over again† (TS, 82; also qtd. By Ben-hellal, 4). According to Ben-hellal, the female reader is introduced because the narrator wants to discipline her and the reason lies in the act of reading. Punctuation is again present, showing the concept of conversation. Reading through the quotation, Tristram resembles as an authoritarian narrator, who instructs the Madam what to do and how to do things. The narrator accuses her of not reading attentively. (Ben Hellal, 5) In Chapter twenty, Tristram says: â€Å"I wish the male-reader has not passed by many a one, as quaint and curious as this one, in which the female-reader has been detected. I wish it may have its effects; __ and that all good people, both male and female, from her example, may be thought to think as well as read.† (TS, 84) In the above quotation, the narrator tries to highlight the importance of thinking and reading. He points out the example of the Madam to others, in order to learn from it. The last topic I would like to touch upon is how the reader is associated with the idea of the â€Å"hobby-horse†. â€Å"There is nothing inherently sinister about these hobby-horses; most people have them, and Tristram confesses readily to having a few of his own†. (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne) In an article about the idea of the hobby-horse, the writer, namely Helen Ostovich, deals with the reader-relationship between the narrator and a female reader, Madam. Tristram usually treats Sir ___ his male reader ___with casual indifference, and showers his mighty or fashionable readers , whether secular or clerical __ your worships and your reverences __ with genial contempt. He lumps the male readers together with other good, unlearned folks in his conception of the collective reader as recalcitrant hobby-horse†. (Ostovich, 156) The female reader represents a special kind of hobby-horse to Tristram. Madam is in comparison with the Spanish horse, Rosinante. â€Å"She is, like Rosinante, ‘the HERO’s horse †¦ a horse of chaste deportment, which may have given grounds for a contrary opinion (†¦) __ And let me tell you, Madam, there is a great deal of very good chastity in the world, in behalf of which you could not say more of your life†. (TS, 47-48; also qtd. by Ostovich, 156) According to Ostovich, this quotation suggests that the horse’s physical appearance and the rider’s imagination are related. â€Å"Man and hobby-horse are, in Tristram’s opinion, are similar to body and soul: â€Å"long journeys and much friction† create electric charges between the two that redefine both, so that ultimately â€Å"a clear description of the nature of the one †¦ may form a pretty exact notion of the genius and character of the other†. (T.S, 99; also qtd. by Ostovich, 156) By getting on a horse and riding it well means a good experience. This happens in the case of the writer; if he writes with pleasure, the reader will bear him so the experience provides its own answers. (Ostovich, 156) To conclude my analysis of Tristram Shandy, one can say that this novel is not a conventional one due to its most noticeable characteristics; its time-scheme and its discursive style. Works Cited 1. Ostovich, Helen. â€Å"Reader as Hobby-Horse in Tristram Shandy.† In: New, Melvyn, ed. Tristram Shandy. (Contemporary Critical Essays). London: Macmillan Education Ltd, 1992. 2. Sanders, Andrew. The Short Oxford History of English Literature. Oxford: Oxford UP Second Ed., 1994. pp. 317-318. 3. Shklovsky, Viktor. â€Å"A Parodying Novel: Sterne’s Tristram Shandy.† In: O Teorii Prozy. Moscow, 1929. 4. Sterne, Laurence. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. London: Penguin Group., 1967. 5. Williams, Jeffrey. â€Å"Narrative of Narrative.† (Tristram Shandy). Modern Language Notes. 105(1990): pp. 1032 – 1045. 6. www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne 7. www.univ-mlv.fr/bibliotheque/presses/travaux/travaux2/benhellal.htm

Purdue GPA Calculator Essays

Purdue GPA Calculator Essays Purdue GPA Calculator Paper Purdue GPA Calculator Paper Purdue GPA calculator helps the potential students evaluate the proximity of getting the chance to study at the University. It is a handy instrument for all students being in the pursuit of the place of studying. The Purdue University is one of the most popular and well-developed research universities of the USA. This institution leads the field of the aviation industry and space technology, and students are engaged in flight training. The studying programs in the field of mechanical engineering, business, and agriculture are recognized as the best in the country and the world. Every year in the Purdue University, more than 2 thousand scientific projects are launched. The investigations are conducted at the modern research centers of the higher education institution. You can get a comprehensive academic education here. The Purdue University cooperates with the national aviation companies. A student studying here receives a chance to take part in student exchange programs and win gran ts to conduct various investigation projects. If you have decided to become a student of this institution, you need to use a Purdue University GPA calculator and single out what are your chances to get a place here. Purdue University GPA calculator GPA calculator Purdue can be used to determine the â€Å"what if† GPA combination. It is a way to discover whether a student will have difficulties with the entering to the chosen university. The result allows estimating the current situation and predicting the future. If the student sees that is â€Å"what if† points are good enough and let him get the place in the institution he wants, he can relax and prepare for entering a campaign. In another case, he needs to make an effort and try to change the marks for the better. It is necessary to have almost A’s and a few B’s to be patient that there will be a high guarantee that there will not be any troubles. There are several ways to raise the GPA. To discover some points gained for a specific course using this particular app. Bear in mind the fact that it is not an official result. It is just a prognosis allowing building plans and finding the University, where you will get the degree. Use the Purdue Kranne rt GPA calculator to determine your chances! Purdue University GPA Calculator Purdue University GPA Calculator works as a well-designed mechanism helping potential students to discover their possible results. If you have grand plans for your future education and career and want to become a student of Purdue University, you can use a Purdue cumulative GPA calculator to count the â€Å"what if† points. You have to insert the name, of course, credit hours and predicted grades. The program will make all the calculations quickly and present you a result. The GPA, which you receive, is not a final and official marker. It is just a prognosis. If you still have time, to improve your marks – dedicate all your efforts to it. To discover the approximate GPA that will allow you to get the place at the university, you can consult the last year’s rating. It will let you see the full picture. Do not lose the opportunity to discover the GPA as it may help you to enter the prestigious higher educational institution, get proper education and built the grea t career!

Visit the Ringed Planet Saturn

Visit the Ringed Planet Saturn The Beauty of Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and among the most beautiful in the solar system. Its named after the Roman god of agriculture. This world, which is the second largest planet, is most famous for its ring system, which is visible even from Earth. You can spot it with a pair of binoculars or a small telescope fairly easily. The first astronomer to spot those rings was Galileo Galilei. He saw them through his home-built telescope in the year 1610. From Handles to Rings Galileos use of the telescope was a boon to the science of astronomy. Although he didnt realize the rings were separate from Saturn, he  did describe them in his observing logs as handles, which piqued the interest of other astronomers. In 1655, Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens observed them and was the first to determine that these odd objects were actually rings of material circling the planet. Before that time, people were quite puzzled that a world could have such odd attachments.   Saturn, the Gas Giant The atmosphere of Saturn is made up of hydrogen (88 percent) and helium (11 percent) and traces of methane, ammonia, ammonia crystals. Trace amounts of ethane, acetylene, and phosphine are also present. Often confused with a star when viewed with the naked eye, Saturn can be clearly seen with a telescope or binoculars. Exploring Saturn Saturn has been explored on location by the Pioneer 11 and Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, as well as the Cassini Mission. The Cassini spacecraft also dropped a probe onto the surface of the largest moon, Titan. It returned images of a frozen world, encased in an icy water-ammonia mix. In addition, Cassini has found plumes of water ice blasting from Enceladus (another moon), with particles that end up in the planets E ring. Planetary scientists have considered other missions to Saturn and its moons, and more may well fly in the future.   Saturn Vital Statistics MEAN RADIUS: 58232 kmMASS: 95.2 (Earth1)DENSITY: 0.69 (g/cm^3)GRAVITY: 1.16 (Earth1)ORBIT PERIOD: 29.46 (Earth years)ROTATION PERIOD: 0.436 (Earth days)SEMIMAJOR AXIS OF ORBIT: 9.53 auECCENTRICITY OF ORBIT: 0.056 Satellites of Saturn Saturn has dozens of moons. Here is a list of the largest known ones. PanDistance (000km) 134 - Radius (km) 10 - Mass (kg) ? - Discovered By Year Showalter 1990 AtlasDistance (000km) 138 - Radius (km) 14 - Mass (kg) ? - Discovered By Year Terrile 1980 PrometheusDistance (000km) 139 - Radius (km) 46 - Mass (kg) 2.70e17 - Discovered By Year Collins 1980 PandoraDistance (000km) 142 - Radius (km) 46 - Mass (kg) 2.20e17 - Discovered By Year Collins 1980 EpimetheusDistance (000km) 151 - Radius (km) 57 - Mass (kg) 5.60e17 - Discovered By Year Walker 1980 JanusDistance (000km) 151 - Radius (km) 89 - Mass (kg) 2.01e18 - Discovered By Year Dollfus 1966 MimasDistance (000km) 186 - Radius (km) 196 - Mass (kg) 3.80e19 - Discovered By Year Herschel 1789 EnceladusDistance (000km) 238 - Radius (km) 260 - Mass (kg) 8.40e19 - Discovered By Year Herschel 1789 TethysDistance (000km) 295 - Radius (km) 530 - Mass (kg) 7.55e20 - Discovered By Year Cassini 1684 TelestoDistance (000km) 295 - Radius (km) 15 - Mass (kg) ? Reitsema - Discovered By Year 1980 CalypsoDista nce (000km) 295 - Radius (km) 13 - Mass (kg) ? Pascu - Discovered By Year 1980 DioneDistance (000km) 377 - Radius (km) 560 - Mass (kg) 1.05e21 - Discovered By Year Cassini 1684 HeleneDistance (000km) 377 - Radius (km) 16 - Mass (kg) ? - Discovered By Year Laques 1980 RheaDistance (000km) 527 - Radius (km) 765 - Mass (kg) 2.49e21 Cassini 1672 TitanDistance (000km) 1222 - Radius (km) 2575 - Mass (kg) 1.35e23 - Discovered By Year Huygens 1655 HyperionDistance (000km) 1481 - Radius (km) 143 - Mass (kg) 1.77e19 - Discovered By Year Bond 1848 IapetusDistance (000km) 3561 - Radius (km) 730 - Mass (kg) 1.88e21 - Discovered By Year Cassini 1671 PhoebeDistance (000km) 12952 - Radius (km) 110 - Mass (kg) 4.00e18 - Discovered By Year Pickering 1898 Updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Qualitative analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Qualitative analysis - Assignment Example The research had a general question; how can we attract customers to the store more often, foster their loyalty to the store and encourage them to spend more in the store? The four specific research questions were addressed the above four specific objectives. The study was conducted using primary source of data. The data was obtained through oral interviews using interview schedules that were administered by trained interviewers. A sample of 60 respondents was done using a probability sampling technique – stratified random sampling technique. The stratification was done in terms of gender and age characteristics. The method gave six categories. Each category had ten interviews. The results from the study were presented in framework charts and the analysis done using code book technique. Data was collected using open ended interview schedule through face to face interview. The analysis of the data was done using framework charts and code book techniques. The response from each respondent was analysed and groped in to themes to come up with a coding scheme. The responses were then presented in a framework chart. The analysis could vividly show that there were various reasons why different individuals chose to use the Kingston Department Stores (KDS). The reasons ranged from factors related to human resource in the stores; the products they offer to the market; to the types and quality of the facilities they had put up to provide various services to the customers or the clients. From the study it came out that most of the shoppers said that their major reason for going to KDS was because there were a wide range of products under one roof and that the products offered were of high quality. For this reason, they were using the stores because they were able to buy a wide range of goods and services in a more convenient

Disifectant lab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disifectant lab - Assignment Example It was highly effective in Gram positive S. aureus (inhibition diameter of 20mm) compared to the Gram negative bacteria (P. aureginosa and E. coli at inhibition diameters of 0 and 6 mm). Chlorox, which contains sodium hypochlorite works by unfolding and permanently aggregating vital bacterial proteins hence killing bacteria. Fabuloso is a cleaning agent without antimicrobial properties. However, it inhibited the growth of S. aureus and P. aureginosa (at inhibition diameter s of 25 mm and 36 mm respectively) by acting as a detergent and interfering with the cell membrane. 3. The disinfectants worked differently on different organisms because certain microbes such as E. coli and P. aureginosa were Gram negative while S. aureus was Gram positive. All disinfectants were effective against S. aureus because they were able to traverse the thick peptidoglycan layer of its cell wall. In addition, the disinfectants contained different active ingredients, which had different chemical properties. 4. The disinfectant of choice for use in the kitchen, laboratory or on myself would be Clorox. I would choose Clorox because it showed the largest inhibition distance in the growth of the three microbes at inhibition diameters of 55 mm 54 mm and 46 mm for E. coli, P. aureginosa and S. aureus respectively. Therefore, it would be an effective disinfectant because it would destroy an array of bacteria. In addition, it is relatively safe for human use since it contains chemicals that are used in the treatment of drinking